Opportunity summary
Score4.0Public score shown from the verified overall while the stale axis breakdown refreshesThis canonical paper page includes Commercialization Proof and Related Resources.
ARXIV:2602.05523 · CYBERSECURITY EVALUATION · SUBMITTED 02 APR · 02:30 UTC · FRESHNESS STALE
ARXIV:2602.05523CYBERSECURITY EVALUATIONSUBMITTED 02 APR · 02:30 UTCFRESHNESS STALEarXiv
A tool for evaluating LLM robustness using semantically-preserving program transformations in cybersecurity tasks.
Opportunity summary
Pain A tool for evaluating LLM robustness using semantically-preserving program transformations in cybersecurity tasks.
Evidence 0 refs | 0 sources | 17% coverage
Blocker Evidence unverified
A tool for evaluating LLM robustness using semantically-preserving program transformations in cybersecurity tasks. However, existing pointwise benchmarks have limited ability to shed light on the robustness and generalisation abilities of agents across alternative versions…
Agentic large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated on cybersecurity tasks using capture-the-flag (CTF) benchmarks. However, existing pointwise benchmarks have limited ability to shed light on the robustness and generalisation abilities of agents across…
ScienceToStartup currently rates this 4.0/10 on the public viability pass. This enables controlled evaluation of agent robustness to source code transformations while keeping the underlying exploit strategy fixed.
Cybersecurity Evaluation moved forward this cycle; last verified April 2026. Public score 4.0/10.
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mobile layout uses overflow-hidden min-w-0 break-wordsOpportunity summary
Score4.0Public score shown from the verified overall while the stale axis breakdown refreshesAnalysis summary
A tool for evaluating LLM robustness using semantically-preserving program transformations in cybersecurity tasks.
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Paper Pack
10.48550/arXiv.2602.05523A tool for evaluating LLM robustness using semantically-preserving program transformations in cybersecurity tasks.
Abstract
Agentic large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated on cybersecurity tasks using capture-the-flag (CTF) benchmarks. However, existing pointwise benchmarks have limited ability to shed light on the robustness and generalisation abilities of agents across alternative versions of the source code. We introduce CTF challenge families, whereby a single CTF is used as the basis for generating a family of semantically-equivalent challenges via semantics-preserving program transformations. This enables controlled evaluation of agent robustness to source code transformations while keeping the underlying exploit strategy fixed. We introduce a new tool, Evolve-CTF, that generates CTF families from Python challenges using a range of transformations. Using Evolve-CTF to derive families from Cybench and Intercode challenges, we evaluate 13 agentic LLM configurations with tool access. We find that models are remarkably robust to intrusive renaming and code insertion-based transformations, but that composed transformations and deeper obfuscation affect performance by requiring more sophisticated use of tools. We also find that enabling explicit reasoning has little effect on solution success rates across challenge families. Our work contributes a valuable technique and tool for future LLM evaluations, and a large dataset characterising the capabilities of current state-of-the-art models in this domain.
Source availability
PDF linkedThe paper record includes a public PDF URL.
Extraction status
Derived fallbackRead summaries are estimated from adjacent metadata, not verified extraction rows.
Proof status
unverified0 refs; 0 sources; 17% coverage.
What was readable
Derived fallback: Estimated from adjacent evidence; not verified from source.
Viability
Time to MVP
Commercial
Export
Preparing verified analysis
Dimensions overall score 4.0
PROBLEM
A tool for evaluating LLM robustness using semantically-preserving program transformations in cybersecurity tasks. However, existing pointwise benchmarks have limited ability to shed light on the robustness and generalisation abilities of agents across alternative versions of th...
METHOD
Agentic large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated on cybersecurity tasks using capture-the-flag (CTF) benchmarks. However, existing pointwise benchmarks have limited ability to shed light on the robustness and generalisation abilities of agents across alternative v...
RESULT
ScienceToStartup currently rates this 4.0/10 on the public viability pass. This enables controlled evaluation of agent robustness to source code transformations while keeping the underlying exploit strategy fixed.
WHY NOW
Cybersecurity Evaluation moved forward this cycle; last verified April 2026. Public score 4.0/10.
Abstract-backed public claims while anchored extraction refreshes.
A tool for evaluating LLM robustness using semantically-preserving program transformations in cybersecurity tasks. However, existing pointwise benchmarks have limited ability to shed light on the robustness and generalisation abilities of agents across alternative versions of the source code.
Abstract-backed fallback claim; anchored extraction has not materialized a public claim row yet.
partial
Agentic large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated on cybersecurity tasks using capture-the-flag (CTF) benchmarks. However, existing pointwise benchmarks have limited ability to shed light on the robustness and generalisation abilities of agents across alternative versions of the source code.
Abstract-backed fallback claim; anchored extraction has not materialized a public claim row yet.
partial
ScienceToStartup currently rates this 4.0/10 on the public viability pass. This enables controlled evaluation of agent robustness to source code transformations while keeping the underlying exploit strategy fixed.
Abstract-backed fallback claim; anchored extraction has not materialized a public claim row yet.
partial
Cybersecurity Evaluation moved forward this cycle; last verified April 2026. Public score 4.0/10.
Abstract-backed fallback claim; anchored extraction has not materialized a public claim row yet.
partial
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Concepts
Methods
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A tool for evaluating LLM robustness using semantically-preserving program transformations in cybersecurity tasks.
Segment
Cybersecurity Evaluation
Adoption evidence
No public code link in the paper record yet
Commercial read
4.0/10 public viability
Direct
Adjacent
Substitute
Unknown
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CITED BY
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Build Passport
Build passport pending - Proof Lab budget No verified cost estimate / $7.00 cap
status
missing
reason
passport_row_missing
proof status
unverified
cost/budget
No verified cost estimate
confidence low
next verification path
Build brief missing until Build Passport data exists.
Source missing: Build Passport payload.
Experiment plan missing until prototype path is available.
No prototype path attached.
Validation checklist missing until required assets, cost, and regulatory flags are verified.
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Derived signals show verified:false until source-backed receipts exist.
Evidence coverage
OpportunityKernel evidence_receipt
0 refs / 0 sources / 17% coverage
stale
Verify missing sources before using this as buyer proof. verified:false
Build readiness
BuildPassport EvidenceState
passport absent
stale
Run Proof Lab or inspect typed missing state. verified:false
Artifact maturity
GitHub and Hugging Face maturity payloads
No public artifact surface observed
stale
Open source artifacts or mark the gap as missing. verified:false
Technical feasibility
partial
Current read
Runnable path is not fully verified.
Evidence
No Build Passport payload attached.
Gaps
Next test
Run minimal reproduction from the Build Passport prototype path.
Market urgency
missing
Current read
Buyer urgency is not verified from source.
Evidence
0 references, 0 sources, 17% evidence coverage.
Gaps
Next test
Collect buyer interview, deployment evidence, or cited demand signal.
Buyer clarity
missing
Current read
No budget owner is verified for this paper.
Evidence
Build tab has no CRM, procurement, or operator source.
Gaps
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Map target operator, economic buyer, and procurement trigger.
Defensibility
missing
Current read
Defensibility signals are missing.
Evidence
No defensibility receipt attached.
Gaps
Next test
Refresh defensibility bars with source receipts.
Integration burden
missing
Current read
No public implementation surface observed.
Evidence
No GitHub or Hugging Face payload attached.
Gaps
Next test
Write integration checklist from prototype path and target workflow.
Capital intensity
missing
Current read
No observed cost estimate is verified.
Evidence
Cost passport has no observed_usd value.
Gaps
Next test
Run cost passport or mark the cost field not applicable.
Regulatory load
missing
Current read
No regulatory classification is attached.
Evidence
Build Passport ledger does not include regulatory flags.
Gaps
Next test
Classify regulatory flags before commercialization planning.
No named scientific founder assigned.
Paper authors are not treated as operators without consent.
People
No named person assigned.
Gaps
Next verification path
Prototype owner missing.
Build Passport does not name an implementer.
People
No named person assigned.
Gaps
Next verification path
Operator workflow not sourced.
No buyer or workflow interview attached.
People
No named person assigned.
Gaps
Next verification path
No GTM owner verified.
No CRM or outreach source attached.
People
No named person assigned.
Gaps
Next verification path
Regulatory need unclassified.
No clinical or regulatory source attached.
People
No named person assigned.
Gaps
Next verification path
ARTIFACTS
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DEFENSIBILITY
Defensibility and confidence evidence pending.
WATCHTOWER
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FORESIGHT
No prediction yet — minted on next Foresight batch.
OPPORTUNITYKERNEL CHANGES SINCE LAST VIEW
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RELATED PAPER UPDATES
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SIGNAL CANVAS HISTORY AND DELTAS
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TIMELINE
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BUZZ
Buzz trend pending.