Dimensions overall score 7.0

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• A critic-free Group-Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) scheme overcomes instability in value estimation for long-horizon routing problems by estimating advantages through within-instance comparisons of sampled trajectories.method 90%
• The proposed DRL framework achieves a 99.0% Hamiltonian success rate on 1,000 unseen synthetic maritime environments, more than double the best heuristic (46.0%).result 95%
• The proposed method produces paths 7% shorter and with 24% fewer heading changes than the closest baseline.result 95%
• All three inference modes (greedy, stochastic sampling, and sampling with 2-opt refinement) operate under 50 ms per instance on a laptop GPU, confirming feasibility for real-time on-board deployment.technical 90%
• Hexagonal tessellations address limitations of decomposition techniques for irregular maritime areas by minimizing overlap and providing better isotropy than square grids.technical 85%
• The action-masking mechanism enforces strict Hamiltonian feasibility by construction, resulting in zero revisits on every solved instance.technical 90%
• Traditional CPP approaches that depend on decomposition techniques struggle with irregular coastlines, islands, and exclusion zones.limitation 80%
• Exact cellular decompositions become cumbersome as the Area of Interest grows in complexity and when incorporating additional operational constraints.limitation 75%

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