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ARXIV:2605.09745 · LLM DECODING · SUBMITTED 12 MAY · 20:15 UTC · FRESHNESS FRESH
ARXIV:2605.09745LLM DECODINGSUBMITTED 12 MAY · 20:15 UTCFRESHNESS FRESHBenjamin Patrick Evans · Sumitra Ganesh · Leo Ardon · arXiv
An adaptive, model-agnostic decoding framework for LLMs that allocates computation based on model uncertainty to improve output quality and efficiency.
Opportunity summary
Pain An adaptive, model-agnostic decoding framework for LLMs that allocates computation based on model uncertainty to improve output quality and efficiency.
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An adaptive, model-agnostic decoding framework for LLMs that allocates computation based on model uncertainty to improve output quality and efficiency. While sampling-based methods (e.g., top-k, nucleus) and search-and-select based methods (e.g., beam search, best-of-n,…
Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable generative performance, yet their output quality is dependent on the decoding strategy. While sampling-based methods (e.g., top-k, nucleus) and search-and-select based methods (e.g., beam search, best-of-n, majority voting)…
ScienceToStartup currently rates this 7.0/10 on the public viability pass. Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable generative performance, yet their output quality is dependent on the decoding strategy. A public repository is linked, so…
LLM Decoding moved forward this cycle; last verified May 2026. Public score 7.0/10. Implementation evidence is present through a linked repository.
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An adaptive, model-agnostic decoding framework for LLMs that allocates computation based on model uncertainty to improve output quality and efficiency.
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10.48550/arXiv.2605.09745An adaptive, model-agnostic decoding framework for LLMs that allocates computation based on model uncertainty to improve output quality and efficiency.
Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable generative performance, yet their output quality is dependent on the decoding strategy. While sampling-based methods (e.g., top-k, nucleus) and search-and-select based methods (e.g., beam search, best-of-n, majority voting) can improve upon greedy decoding, both approaches suffer from limitations: sampling generally commits to a single path, while search often expends excessive computation regardless of task complexity. To address these, we introduce Entropy-informed decoding (EDEN), a plug-and-play, model-agnostic decoding framework that adaptively allocates computation based on the model's own uncertainty, approximating higher-width beam search with fewer expansions. At each generation step, EDEN estimates the entropy of the output token distribution and adjusts the branching factor monotonically with the entropy, expanding more candidates in high-entropy regions and following a greedier path in low-entropy regions, improving token efficiency. Experiments across complex tasks, including mathematical reasoning, code generation, and scientific questions, demonstrate that EDEN consistently improves output quality over existing decoding strategies, achieving better accuracy-expansion trade-offs than fixed-width beam search. By treating next-token selection as a noisy maximisation problem, we prove that branching factors monotone in entropy are guaranteed to find better (i.e. more probable) continuations than any fixed branching factor within the same total expansion budget, and derive explicit regret rates characterising the benefit of the adaptive allocation.
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PROBLEM
An adaptive, model-agnostic decoding framework for LLMs that allocates computation based on model uncertainty to improve output quality and efficiency. While sampling-based methods (e.g., top-k, nucleus) and search-and-select based methods (e.g., beam search, best-of-n, majority...
METHOD
Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable generative performance, yet their output quality is dependent on the decoding strategy. While sampling-based methods (e.g., top-k, nucleus) and search-and-select based methods (e.g., beam search, best-of-n, majority voting) can imp...
RESULT
ScienceToStartup currently rates this 7.0/10 on the public viability pass. Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable generative performance, yet their output quality is dependent on the decoding strategy. A public repository is linked, so build verification can inspect imp...
WHY NOW
LLM Decoding moved forward this cycle; last verified May 2026. Public score 7.0/10. Implementation evidence is present through a linked repository.
Abstract-backed public claims while anchored extraction refreshes.
An adaptive, model-agnostic decoding framework for LLMs that allocates computation based on model uncertainty to improve output quality and efficiency. While sampling-based methods (e.g., top-k, nucleus) and search-and-select based methods (e.g., beam search, best-of-n, majority voting) can improve upon greedy decoding, both approaches suffer from limitations: sampling generally commits to a single path, while search often expends excessive computation regardless of task complexity.
Abstract-backed fallback claim; anchored extraction has not materialized a public claim row yet.
partial
Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable generative performance, yet their output quality is dependent on the decoding strategy. While sampling-based methods (e.g., top-k, nucleus) and search-and-select based methods (e.g., beam search, best-of-n, majority voting) can improve upon greedy decoding, both approaches suffer from limitations: sampling generally commits to a single path, while search often expends excessive computation regardless of task complexity.
Abstract-backed fallback claim; anchored extraction has not materialized a public claim row yet.
partial
ScienceToStartup currently rates this 7.0/10 on the public viability pass. Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable generative performance, yet their output quality is dependent on the decoding strategy. A public repository is linked, so build verification can inspect implementation evidence instead of treating the paper as PDF-only.
Abstract-backed fallback claim; anchored extraction has not materialized a public claim row yet.
partial
LLM Decoding moved forward this cycle; last verified May 2026. Public score 7.0/10. Implementation evidence is present through a linked repository.
Abstract-backed fallback claim; anchored extraction has not materialized a public claim row yet.
partial
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An adaptive, model-agnostic decoding framework for LLMs that allocates computation based on model uncertainty to improve output quality and efficiency.
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