ARXIV:2606.03398 · LLM INTERPRETABILITY · SUBMITTED 03 JUN · 20:32 UTC · FRESHNESS FRESH

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Causal Evidence of Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers

Nishit Singh · arXiv

Demonstrating the causal necessity of stack representations for transformer performance on counter languages.

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Opportunity summary

Pain Demonstrating the causal necessity of stack representations for transformer performance on counter languages.

Evidence 0 refs | 4 sources | 67% coverage

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PROBLEM

Demonstrating the causal necessity of stack representations for transformer performance on counter languages. Past work has shown that transformers trained on next token prediction over counter languages learn representations consistent with an underlying stack…

METHOD

Full abstract

Formal languages have proven to be effective conduits to understand the inner mechanisms of transformers. Past work has shown that transformers trained on next token prediction over counter languages learn representations consistent with an underlying stack structure. Beyond representational analysis, this paper investigates the causal role of these representations. Linear probes are trained to predict the stack depth at each token from the model's hidden states, and a principal representation direction is extracted from the probe. Ablation of this direction from the model causes sequential accuracy to collapse to near 0%, providing strong empirical evidence that the stack representation is not just learned, but is causally necessary for model performance.

RESULT

ScienceToStartup currently rates this 0.0/10 on the public viability pass. Ablation of this direction from the model causes sequential accuracy to collapse to near 0%, providing strong empirical evidence that the stack representation is…

WHY NOW

LLM Interpretability moved forward this cycle; last verified June 2026. Public score 0.0/10. Implementation evidence is present through a linked repository.

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Opportunity summary

Score0.0

PainDemonstrating the causal necessity of stack representations for transformer performance on counter languages.

Evidence0 refs | 4 sources | 67% coverage

Blockerno shell-level blocker reported

Analysis summary

Demonstrating the causal necessity of stack representations for transformer performance on counter languages.

VerifiedSource: PDF linkedVerifiedPaperPack: citation fields availablePartialProof: unverified proof status

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Demonstrating the causal necessity of stack representations for transformer performance on counter languages.

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Demonstrating the causal necessity of stack representations for transformer performance on counter languages.

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Causal Evidence of Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers

Causal Evidence of Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers

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