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ARXIV:2604.18881 · EARTH OBSERVATION AI · SUBMITTED 22 APR · 20:32 UTC · FRESHNESS STALE
ARXIV:2604.18881EARTH OBSERVATION AISUBMITTED 22 APR · 20:32 UTCFRESHNESS STALEZhongying Wang · Kevin Lane · Levi Cai · Morteza Karimzadeh · Esther Rolf · arXiv
A proxy consistency loss for grounded fusion of Earth observation data with location encoders, improving prediction accuracy with sparse labels.
Opportunity summary
Pain A proxy consistency loss for grounded fusion of Earth observation data with location encoders, improving prediction accuracy with sparse labels.
Evidence 0 refs | 4 sources | 67% coverage
Blocker Evidence verified
A proxy consistency loss for grounded fusion of Earth observation data with location encoders, improving prediction accuracy with sparse labels. With the abundance of geographic data products, in many cases there are variables correlated…
Supervised learning with Earth observation inputs is often limited by the sparsity of high-quality labeled or in-situ measured data to use as training labels. With the abundance of geographic data products, in many cases…
ScienceToStartup currently rates this 5.0/10 on the public viability pass. Our second key insight is that we will need to regularize the location encoder appropriately to achieve performance and robustness with limited labeled data.
Earth Observation AI moved forward this cycle; last verified April 2026. Public score 5.0/10.
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A proxy consistency loss for grounded fusion of Earth observation data with location encoders, improving prediction accuracy with sparse labels.
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10.48550/arXiv.2604.18881A proxy consistency loss for grounded fusion of Earth observation data with location encoders, improving prediction accuracy with sparse labels.
Abstract
Supervised learning with Earth observation inputs is often limited by the sparsity of high-quality labeled or in-situ measured data to use as training labels. With the abundance of geographic data products, in many cases there are variables correlated with - but different from - the variable of interest that can be leveraged. We integrate such proxy variables within a geographic prior via a trainable location encoder and introduce a proxy consistency loss (PCL) formulation to imbue proxy data into the location encoder. The first key insight behind our approach is to use the location encoder as an agile and flexible way to learn from abundantly available proxy data which can be sampled independently of training label availability. Our second key insight is that we will need to regularize the location encoder appropriately to achieve performance and robustness with limited labeled data. Our experiments on air quality prediction and poverty mapping show that integrating proxy data implicitly through the location encoder outperforms using both as input to an observation encoder and fusion strategies that use frozen, pretrained location embeddings as a geographic prior. Superior performance for in-sample prediction shows that the PCL can incorporate rich information from the proxies, and superior out-of-sample prediction shows that the learned latent embeddings help generalize to areas without training labels.
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PROBLEM
A proxy consistency loss for grounded fusion of Earth observation data with location encoders, improving prediction accuracy with sparse labels. With the abundance of geographic data products, in many cases there are variables correlated with - but different from - the variable...
METHOD
Supervised learning with Earth observation inputs is often limited by the sparsity of high-quality labeled or in-situ measured data to use as training labels. With the abundance of geographic data products, in many cases there are variables correlated with - but different from -...
RESULT
ScienceToStartup currently rates this 5.0/10 on the public viability pass. Our second key insight is that we will need to regularize the location encoder appropriately to achieve performance and robustness with limited labeled data.
WHY NOW
Earth Observation AI moved forward this cycle; last verified April 2026. Public score 5.0/10.
{"file name": "input.pdf", "number of pages": 13, "author": "Zhongying Wang; Kevin Lane; Levi Cai; Morteza Karimzadeh; Esther Rolf"
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A proxy consistency loss for grounded fusion of Earth observation data with location encoders, improving prediction accuracy with sparse labels.
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Earth Observation AI
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